Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh
Operation-Samen-ol-A'emeh | |||||||
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Part of Iran–Iraq War, Siege of Abadan | |||||||
![]() Iranian soldiers participating the Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Units involved | |||||||
77th Infantry Division of Khorasan 36th Armoured Brigade of Shiraz Navy's Takavar Battalion Separate brigades from IRGC Local volunteers IRIAA IRIAF | |||||||
Strength | |||||||
50,000–60,000 troops numerous armoured vehicles 200 artillery pieces |
15,000 troops (inside Abadan) 20,000–30,000 troops outside | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
3,000 killed 1,656 captured 90 tanks/APCs destroyed 100 vehicles destroyed 3 aircraft destroyed 1 helicopter destroyed 100 tanks, 40 APCs, 3 loaders, 150 vehicles captured[1] |
3,000 killed 150 tanks destroyed 9 AH-1J destroyed 2 CH-47 destroyed 3 Bell-214 destroyed |
Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh (Persian: عملیات ثامنالائمه "Operation Eighth Imam") was an Iranian offensive and operation in the Iran–Iraq War between 27[2]–29[3]: 74 September 1981[4] where Iran broke the Iraqi Siege of Abadan.[5] The operation was carried out by the Iranian army joined by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.[6]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Shatt_al_arab.png/250px-Shatt_al_arab.png)
Diversionary attack
[edit]On 22 September 1981, Iran began their first successful offensive against Iraq, in order to break the Siege of Abadan. The attack began with a diversionary operation.[6]: 255 A combined arms force of 30,000–40,000 troops attacked the Iraqi forces in a wide front around the Karkheh river in Khuzestan province, Iran, aiming for the road towards Basra, Iraq. The Iranians used their regular army supported by Revolutionary Guard[7] infantry, the former using small groups of armored vehicles with full artillery and air support (the Iranians succeeded in establishing air superiority in spite of limited numbers of aircraft and lack of spare parts). The operation convinced Iraq that Basra was under attack, consequently, they did not reinforce their troops surrounding Abadan.[8]
Main attack
[edit]Two days later, Iran began to carry out their main offensive against Abadan. During the night, the Iranians infiltrated a force of 20,000–30,000 troops across the Bahmanshir River towards the Iraqi forces on the east bank of the Karun River around Abadan. The Iraqis failed to carry out adequate reconnaissance to discover the infiltration. The main attack was preceded by the Iranian air force carrying out airstrikes against the Iraqi troops between the Bahmanshir and the east bank of the Karun. Due to Iranian air superiority, the Iranians drove the counterattacking Iraqi jets away.[8]
On September 26, around midnight, the Iranian surprised the Iraqi army by attacking them from three sides.[6]: 255 The Iraqis were pinned down in their strongest positions, while their weakest positions were torn through, resulting in the isolation of many Iraqi forces. Iraq failed to maneuver their forces against the Iranians, and they stood in their static positions. An Iranian armored battalion cut the enemy forces in two, while AH-1J SeaCobra helicopters destroyed numerous Iraqi tanks using TOW missiles. Meanwhile, the siege of Abadan was broken, yet many Iraqi forces remained on the east bank of the Karun River, prevented from retreating after the Iranian air force bombed the bridges across the Karun River.[8]
The next phase of the battle came when the Iranians unleashed their 92nd Armored Division on the north side of the Iraqi positions on September 27. The Iraqi command had been driven into a panic and attempted a tactical withdrawal, which turned into a rout. The Iraqis abandoned their heavy weaponry, and fled across the river on a makeshift pontoon bridge and rafts.[9]
Aftermath
[edit]The victory at Abadan was an important morale booster for Iran, and an important stepping stone for the eventual ejection of the Iraqis out of Iran.[10] As a result of the victorious operation, the critical road of Ahvaz - Abadan road was reopened, allowing logistic support and reinforcement for the troops in Abadan. With a carefully planned operation and well-executed use of their available materials, the Iranians routed a theoretically superior opponent.[11]
After the operation, a large number of tanks and heavy vehicles were left by the Iraqi army.[3]: 75
Saddam Hussein ordered the execution of seven commanders after the operation.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh". Tebyan. 27 September 2004. Retrieved 27 September 2004.
- ^ Tabaar, Mohammad Ayatollahi (2018-05-08). Religious Statecraft: The Politics of Islam in Iran. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54506-8.
- ^ a b Ostovar, Afshon (2016). Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran's Revolutionary Guards. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-938789-2.
- ^ Iran Yearbook. Moini-Biontino Verlag. 1988. ISBN 978-3-927073-00-5.
The next counter - offensive called the Samen al - A'emeh ( The Eighth Imam ) led to lifting the siege of Abadan on 27 September 1981 being followed a little while later , on 29 November 1981 , by the Tariq ul - Qods ( Path of Jerusalem )...
- ^ Hanizadeh, Hassan (23 May 2009). "Khorramshahr: From occupation to liberation". Mehrnews. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
This military operation broke the one-year siege of Abadan and the eastern part of the Karoun River.
- ^ a b c Ward, Steven R. (2014-01-08). Immortal, Updated Edition: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1-62616-032-3.
- ^ "سالروز شکست حصر آبادان در عملیات ثامنالائمه(ع)". Isna. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ a b c Jedi, Sayyed Majid (1995). "The primary revolution of imposed war: the preludes to formation of Same al-Ae'ma operation". Defense Policy (in Persian) (12): 1–25.
- ^ Veisi, Morad. "ایران و عراق در جنگ چه مناطقی از خاک یکدیگر را اشغال کردند؟ (Persian)". BBC News فارسی. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
- ^ "سه عملیات سرنوشت ساز (Persian)". IRNA. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ "مروری بر چند عملیات بزرگ و تعیینکننده در دفاع مقدس". ISNA. 22 September 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013.